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知识点总结
一、it作代词的用法
1. 代替前面或后面的名词或分句等所表示的事物。
Though we can not see it, there is air all around us. (it指代air)
They said they had finished the work, but I can’t believe it. (it指代前一个分句)
2. 代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西(包括婴儿)。
When a baby is crying, it may be hungry. (it指代baby)
3. 在口语中代替只闻其声但不见其人的人。
—Who is it?
—It’s me.
4.指代天气、时间、距离、温度、环境等。
What time is it?
It’s twenty kilometers from my hometown toBeijing.
It’s quiet here.
二、it作形式主语的用法
it位于句首,作形式主语代替真正的主语不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或that从句。
1. It is easy to do the job. (it指代to do the job)
2. It is no good going there. (it指代going there)
3. It’s said that she came from London. (it指代that从句)
三、it作形式宾语的用法
it放在think, make, find, feel等及物动词后作形式宾语,代替真正的宾语不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或宾语从句,在其后接宾语补足语,而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语后面。
1. He thinks it very important to learn English well. (it指代to learn English well)
2. The teacher thinks it no good reading without understanding. (it指代reading without understanding)
3. I have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smoke here. (it指代that从句)
4. He likes it when there are white clouds in the sky.(it 指代when从句)
四、it用于强调句型
为了强调句子的某一成分(除谓语外),将这一成分置于“It is (was)... that (who)... ”这一句型中is(was)之后。如果被强调部分是人,既可用that又可用who,其余的全部用that。这一句型也可用于一般疑问句、否定句或特殊疑问句。其特点是:去掉It is(was)及that (who)后,在不添词、不减词的前提下能重新构成一个意义完整的句子。
1. It is Professor Liu who/that teaches us English. (强调主语)
2. It is English that Professor Liu teaches us. (强调宾语)
3. It was inBeijingthat I saw the film. (强调地点状语)
常见考法
1.It 指代上文或下文中的事物或情况；
2. it指代环境或情况；
3.it 用在强调句中；
4.it作形式主语或形式宾语。
误区提醒
1.强调句的结构不熟悉；2.按汉语习惯翻译意思有差异不敢选择；3.对形式主语和形式宾语的用法不清楚。
【典型例题】
1) It was because of bad weather ________ the football match had to be put off.
A. so B. so that C. why D. that
解析：错选A。本题为强调句型，it是强调句的结构之一，和that一起构成强调句，故正确答案为D.
2) I like ________ in the autumn when the water is clear and bright.
A. this B. that C. it D. one
解析：错选B。把that看成引导宾语从句；本题中it指代后面所说的情况，意为“我喜欢秋天水非常清澈的时候。”故正确答案为C。
3）. The Foreign Minister said, “________ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”
A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is
解析：受汉语影响而错选A。本题中it作形式主语，代替后面的that引导的主语从句。即“两方面朝着和平方向努力是我们的希望。”正确答案为D。
4) Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ________ didn’t help.
A. he B. which C. she D. it
解析：错选C。本题中应用it指代but前面句子的内容，即“Tom的妈妈经常告诉他要努力学习，但这不管用。”故正确答案为D。
