知识点总结

一、概念

冠词是虚词,它置于名词之前,限定名词的意义。冠词可分为定冠词,不定冠词和零冠词三类。

二、不定冠词的用法

1)表示“一个”,意为one;指某人或某物,意为a certain。

 A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.

2)代表一类人或物。

 A knife is a tool for cutting with.

3)词组或成语。

a little / a few / a lot / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden

三、定冠词的用法

1)特指双方都明白的人或物:

Take the medicine. 

2)上文提到过的人或事:

He bought a house. I’ve been to the house.

3)指世上独一无二的事物:

the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth

4)单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar ; the fox ;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich; the living 。

5)用在序数词和形容词的最高级形式及形容词only, very, same等前面:

Where do you live? I live on the second floor. 

6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体:

They are the teachers of this school.(指全体教师)

They are teachers of this school.  (指部分教师)

7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前:

She caught me by the arm. 

8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级等专有名词前:

he People’s Republic of China 

9)用在表示乐器的名词之前:  She plays the piano. 

10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人(或夫妇俩):

 the Greens 

11) 用在惯用语中:

 in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening), the day after tomorrow 

the day before yesterday, the next morning, 

in the sky (water,field,country) 

in the dark, in the rain, in the distance, 

in the middle (of), in the end,

on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre

四、零冠词的用法

1)国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:England,Mary;

2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词;

They are teachers.

3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词;

Failure is the mother of success. 

4)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词;

Man cannot live without water. 

5)在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词;

We go to school from Monday to Friday. 

6)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词;

The guards took the American to General Lee.

7)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词 如:have breakfast,play chess

8)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词;

I can’t write without pen or pencil.

9)当by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词;如:by bus,by train;

10)有些个体名词不用冠词;如:

 school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town, church,court 等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义;

go to hospital    

11)不用冠词的序数词;

a. 序数词前有物主代词  That’s his thirtieth birthday.

b. 序数词作副词  He came first in the race.

c. 在固定词组中  at (the) first, first of all, from first to last


常见考法

1.名词前不定冠词的用法;

2.不用冠词的特殊情况;

3对冠词与主谓一致的考查;

4.定冠词与形容词、分词连用表一类人;

5.冠词与姓氏的连用;

6.有无冠词的意义及区别;

7.冠词与such, so how, what等词的位置关系。


误区提醒

常犯的错误有:

一、 语境理解错误

二、 短语搭配错误

三 、习惯用法错误

四 、逻辑意思错误

五 、句子结构错误

【典型例题】

1. This is our contribution to ____ world of the 21st century, ____ world of independence and natural understanding.

A.the; a  B. /; a  C. a; the  D. the; the

解析:错选D. 因第二个world是前面一个的同位语,of后面为描述性定语,故应加不定冠词。正确答案A。

2. Pears are usually sold by ____ weight, and eggs are sometimes sold by ____ dozen.

A. the; the  B. the; a  C. /; a  D. a; /

解析:错选A。按码/ 小时/ 年等具体单位时用by the yard/ hour/ year等,但按重量/体积/时间等笼统单位时用by weight/ volume/ time等。正确答案B。